Problem:Bragg scattering from non-Bravais lattices

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We will here continue to investigate the nuclear structure factor, but this time for non-Bravais lattices.

Question 1

The NaCl crystal structure consists of two interpenetrating fcc sublattices (side length \(a\)) displaced by half a cube diagonal with respect to each other. The Na atoms are placed on the lattice sites of one of the lattices and the Cl atoms on the lattice site of the other. What are the relative coordinates of the Na and Cl atoms, respectively?

Solution
Question 2

The NaCl crystal may also be constructed by placing Na and Cl atoms alternating on a simple cubic lattice with side length \(a\). What is the side length (lattice parameter) of the combined structure? How many simple cubic lattices are needed for the NaCl structure? What are the relative coordinates of the Na and Cl atoms in this unit cell?

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Question 3

Calculate the expression for the structure factor of the NaCl crystal structure. Which reflections are allowed? What causes the difference between the structure factor of the allowed reflections?

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Question 4

The crystal structure of CeSb is also the NaCl structure. Why are the structure factors of some reflections almost zero?

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Question 5

Another compound of the sodium chloride structure is LiH. Calculate the squared structure factors of the three shortest allowed scattering vectors. What happens to the mean scattering length, \(\bar{b}\), for H if the naturally occuring H is enriched with 17 % D? Which consequences does that have for the structure factors, and how do you understand that?

Solution
Question 6

Si and Ge has the same structure as diamond where the atoms are placed in two interpenetrating fcc lattices (side length \(a\)). One of the lattices is displaced by \(1/4\) body diagonal with respect to the other, \({\bf d} = (1/4, 1/4, 1/4)a\). What is the distance between nearest neighbour sites?

Calculate the structure factor of the diamond cubic structure of Si. Which reflections are allowed? Do they have different structure factors? Can you think of some familiarities between the NaCl and the diamond structure?

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Question 7

Why is it impossible to define a geometrical structure factor for NaCl and other compounds containing more than one element?

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Question 8

Neutron scattering lengths can be positive or negative. Describe the effect on the nuclear structure factor at a Bragg reflection, when the crystal contains an atom with a positive scattering length on one site and an atom with a negative scattering length on another site? What would the effect be on the nuclear structure factor, if the atoms hypothetically were placed on the same site?

Solution